What an AI data center actually pays per MWh under a supply contract — by state, by scale, by term, public and recomputable.
11 regulator-approved large-load (data center) tariffs or special contracts ingested, each with a case number and a source link. The tables below are the terms and rate-sheet fact layer; the issue-1 reading is the unweighted median of the cells' annual effective prices (rule under the computation section).
| State | Utility / tariff | Docket | Status | Threshold | Minimum demand | Term | Price disclosure | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Missouri | Ameren Missouri (Union Electric) 11(M) Large Primary / Large Load Customer Service | MoPSC ET-2025-0184 (rate itself: ER-2024-0319) | 2025-11-24 2025-06-01 (rate) | >=75 MW (LLCS); 11(M) billing demand >=5,000 kW | 80% of contract capacity | 12 years after ramp, auto-extend 5 years | Full (rate sheet) | primary |
| Virginia | Dominion Energy Virginia GS-5 Large General Service | SCC PUR-2025-00058 (rate sheets accepted: DCC 261030057, 2026-10-14) | 2025-11-25 (final order) 2027-01-01 | >=25 MW and load factor >=75% | 85% T&D / 60% generation of contracted capacity | 14 years incl. ramp | Partial | secondary |
| Ohio | AEP Ohio Schedule DCT (Data Center Tariff) | PUCO 24-508-EL-ATA | 2025-07-09 2025-07-23 | >25 MW new load (affiliates aggregated) | 85% of contract capacity | 12 years incl. 4-year ramp | No separate price | primary |
| South Dakota | Otter Tail Power 10.06 Super Large General Service | SD PUC EL-18-021 | 2019-07-09 2019-08-01 | >=25 MW at a single metering point, load factor >=80%, >=175,000 MWh/year | set per customer from a marginal-cost model | ESA >=5 years | Formula (secret) | primary |
| Minnesota | Xcel Energy (NSPM) Very Large General Time of Day Service (Rate Code A97) | MN PUC E002/M-25-289 (order 2026-06-12) | 2026-06-12 2026-08-01 (rate sheet effective) | new demand >=100 MW; 20-100 MW also mandatory if deemed 'system intensive' | 80% of Load Ramp or Contract Capacity (billing-demand floor) | >=15 years (including up to 5-year load ramp) | Full (rate sheet) | primary |
| Louisiana | Entergy Louisiana (special contract) Meta-specific ESA + high-load-factor schedule | LPSC order, Aug 2025 | 2025-08 — | very large single customer | minimum monthly bill covers the full annual revenue requirement of planned generators regardless of usage | 15 years (auto-extend 5 years) | Confidential | primary |
| Indiana | Indiana Michigan Power (I&M, AEP) Industrial Power (Schedule 150, revised) | IURC Cause No. 46097 (final order 2025-02-19) | 2025-02-19 from 2025-02-19 (Tariff I.P. rate sheet, current IURC No. 20 book) | >=70 MW at one site or >=150 MW aggregated (new/expanded) | 90% of contracted capacity (up from 60%) | 12 years plus up to 5-year ramp (17 total) | Full (rate sheet) | primary |
| Michigan | Indiana Michigan Power (I&M, AEP) Tariff LP (large load, amended) | MPSC Case No. U-21986 (approved 2026-08-27) | 2026-08-27 rates from 2024-07-15 (U-21461); U-21986 (2026-08-27) amended terms, not prices | >=50 MW | 90% minimum demand + 65% minimum energy | 15 years (max 5-year ramp); 4 years' notice for >10% reduction | Full (rate sheet) | primary |
| Illinois | Commonwealth Edison (ComEd) Extra Large Load Delivery Class (>10,000 kW) | ICC Docket 24-0378 (Jan 2025 rates) | 2025-01-16 Jan 2025 billing period | >10,000 kW maximum demand | distribution billed on 9am-6pm weekday coincident demand (no take-or-pay floor) | no mandatory long-term contract (retail choice; energy bought at hourly PJM prices) | Partial | primary |
| Missouri | Evergy Metro, Inc. d/b/a Evergy Missouri Metro Schedule LLPS Large Load Power Service | MoPSC EO-2025-0154 (tariff JE-2026-0104, approved 2026-02-25) | 2026-02-25 2026-03-09 | >=75 MW (new or expanded load) | 80% of contract capacity | Up to 5-year ramp + 12 years (17 max); collateral = 2 years of minimum monthly bills; exit fee = minimum monthly bill x remaining months (>=12), early-termination fee adds on <36 months' notice | Full (rate sheet) | primary |
| Missouri | Evergy Missouri West, Inc. d/b/a Evergy Missouri West Schedule LLPS Large Load Power Service | MoPSC EO-2025-0154 (tariff JE-2026-0105, approved 2026-02-25) | 2026-02-25 2026-03-09 | >=75 MW (new or expanded load) | 80% of contract capacity | Up to 5-year ramp + 12 years (17 max); collateral = 2 years of minimum monthly bills; exit fee = minimum monthly bill x remaining months (>=12), early-termination fee adds on <36 months' notice | Full (rate sheet) | primary |
| State / tariff | Summer ¢/kWh | Summer $/kW-mo | Winter ¢/kWh | Winter $/kW-mo | Effective summer/winter/annual $/MWh (LF 80%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Missouri 11(M) Large Primary Service · 2025-06-01 | 4.06 | $23.90 | 3.71 | $10.63 | 81.5 / 55.3 / 64.0 |
| Missouri Schedule LLPS, Original Sheet No. 77 · 2026-03-09 | 2.99 | $24.04 | 2.99 | $22.04 | 71.0 / 67.6 / 68.7 |
| Missouri Schedule LLPS, Original Sheet No. 187 · 2026-03-09 | 2.88 | $21.89 | 2.88 | $19.89 | 66.3 / 62.9 / 64.0 |
| Indiana Tariff I.P. (Industrial Power), IURC No. 20, First Revised Sheet No. 21 · 2025-02-19 | 3.93 | $10.19 | 3.93 | $10.19 | 56.8 / 56.8 / 56.8 |
| Michigan Tariff LP (Large Power), M.P.S.C. No. 18, Original Sheet No. D-35/D-36 · 2024-07-15 | 3.63 | $23.59 | 3.63 | $23.59 | 76.7 / 76.7 / 76.7 |
| Minnesota Very Large General Time of Day Service, Rate Code A97 (Sheet 5-32.2) · 2026-08-01 | 1.57 | $25.90 | 1.57 | $21.31 | 60.1 / 52.2 / 54.8 |
Ameren's own stated all-in ~$0.062/kWh for large load (excl. riders, load-factor dependent) — corroborates the computed value · cross-check source
E3's May 2026 white paper (self-funded, using Halcyon tariff data) modelled the annual bill of a hypothetical 25 MW, transmission-connected data center under five tariffs, including customer, demand, energy charges and riders. These are third-party modelled values, not this site's price cells — the load shape, voltage and site assumptions are E3's and must not be mixed with our line-by-line recomputation from official rate sheets. It is shown only to give readers a cross-state order of magnitude.
| Tariff (state) | Modelled annual cost (¢/kWh) |
|---|---|
| Oncor transmission service (TX) | 5.44 |
| Dominion GS-4 (VA) | 6.54 |
| Dominion GS-5 (VA) | 7.96 |
| ComEd Extra Large Load (IL) | 8.86 |
| Georgia Power PLL-18 (GA) | 9.43 |
Cross-state spread 3.99¢; our recomputed values of 5.5-7.7¢ sit inside the range (different basis, magnitude check only) Reference: E3 (Energy and Environmental Economics) x Halcyon Large Load Tariff Tracker(2026-05)
Industry gap analyses name it directly: AI data center PPA prices span $68.90–115/MWh, there is no standard pricing framework, every deal is bilateral, and nobody is building the transparency layer.
The Minnesota Attorney General's office (Oct 2026) publicly alleged that Xcel redacted nearly all dollar figures in Google data center supply contracts as trade secrets, estimating billion-dollar cost shifting onto ordinary bills; the Wisconsin PSC chair put it plainly: NDAs, heavy redaction, corporate aliases and closed-door bargaining are hurting rather than helping.
Buyers, regulators and researchers all lack an independent benchmark — while the underlying dockets are legally public.
| Adjacent slot | Incumbent | Overlap? |
|---|---|---|
| Wholesale nodal power price | ISO / EIA official (PJM, ERCOT real-time) | No — that is spot commodity pricing, not long-term contract pricing |
| Data center rent / vacancy | CBRE / JLL / Cushman quarterly | No — real estate basis, no power price |
| PPA price database | LevelTen Energy (renewable PPA quotes, seller-side members) | Partial: LevelTen is seller asking prices, not executed data center supply terms |
| Data center ESA / tariff index | None | The gap this index fills |
Whitespace check performed 8 November 2026. Sources listed at the foot of this page.
| State | MN / WI / VA / GA / OH (v1.0, five states) |
| Load band | >=100MW / 50-100MW / <50MW |
| Contract type | ESA special contract / standard tariff / PPA |
| Term | 10 / 15 / 20 years |
| Redaction handling | where the unit price is redacted, publish a derivable interval (minimum take x published fixed-cost recovery) and label it as an interval, never a point |
| Source | Content | Capture | Cadence | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| State PUC dockets (MN, WI, VA, GA, OH, TX, PA…) | ESA applications, tariff revisions, settlement agreements, consumer-advocate comments | docket systems (eDocket / eFile), case by case | weekly | statutory public |
| SEC 8-K / 10-K | PPA disclosures and power commitments | EDGAR full-text search | event-driven | statutory public |
| EIA / ISO | industrial retail rates, wholesale averages (as reference basis) | official API | monthly | public |
| ISO interconnection queues | load size and energisation timing (validates MW band) | official public queues | quarterly | public |
Feeds GRVI (power price is a primary input to compute economics); same audience as NCSX-IS (neocloud creditors watch power exposure)
| Cadence | Output | Access |
|---|---|---|
| monthly | index snapshot plus data-center power premium chart (contract vs industrial retail vs wholesale) | free |
| quarterly | Data Center Power Contract Quarterly: new contracts and redaction-rate statistics | free |
| machine | /api/v1/dcpi/latest.json · contract list CSV (docket number and source link per row) | Pro |
| differentiator | redaction rate — a transparency thermometer that is itself an index | free |
/api/v1/dcpi/latest.json /api/v1/dcpi/tariffs.json
Field shape is identical across the family: ticker / status / reading / observations / unit / cadence / methodology_version / next_publication. Parse once, cover all five.
| Stage | Action | Acceptance (recomputable) |
|---|---|---|
| 30-day probe | 30 dockets across 5 states ingested; first state-by-MW-band price table with redaction flags | one reply from a law firm, developer or regulator |
| 90 days | methodology page + Zenodo v1.0 + monthly pipeline | redaction-rate table cited by one media outlet |
| 12 months | expand to 15 states; first expert-testimony opportunity in a rate case; working paper on SSRN | 3+ third-party citations, with regulatory filings weighted highest |
Free to cite for research and press. Always give the ticker, the version and the URL — dropping any of the three breaks machine traceability.
Other citation formats (APA / MLA / Chicago / BibTeX) · Data licence